Hollow fiber membrane bioreactors have been increasingly popular in a wide spectrum of applications due to their unique advantages. These systems offer {highefficiency, excellent mass transfer, and efficient mixing capabilities. A key feature of hollow fiber membrane bioreactors is their

Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) display significant performance in wastewater treatment applications. PVDF membranes, highly regarded for their durability, are commonly utilized in MBR systems. This article analyzes the performance evaluation of PVDF membranes in an MBR system, focusing on key parame